What distinguishes a quantitative research approach from a qualitative one?

A quantitative research approach is characterized by the use of statistical and numerical data to analyze trends, behaviors, and patterns. This method allows researchers to quantify variables and establish relationships between them through measurable data. By employing tools such as surveys with closed-ended questions, experiments, or existing statistical data, quantitative research focuses on identifying trends that can be generalized to larger populations.

In contrast, qualitative research emphasizes understanding underlying reasons, motivations, and insights through more subjective methods such as open-ended interviews, focus groups, or observational studies. While qualitative research provides depth in exploring feelings and opinions, its findings cannot be quantified or easily generalized, which is a hallmark of the quantitative approach. Thus, the correct answer highlights the core difference in methodology between these two types of research, emphasizing the reliance on numerical and statistical analysis in quantitative research.